First, hollow reeds were harvested and left to dry the calligrapher then cut a tip in the shape, width, and angle that best matched the particular script he or she planned to use. Pens (qalam) were often fashioned from reeds due to their flexibility. Every calligrapher learned how to prepare pens, inks, and paper. Tools and materials affected the quality of the final product. Today, the art of calligraphy is widely practiced by both men and women. While most calligraphers at the time were men, some wealthy women practiced calligraphy too. Many rulers received extensive calligraphic training from the best court masters and became accomplished calligraphers in their own right. Most calligraphers were highly educated and some came from the upper echelons of society. Training to become a calligrapher was a long and rigorous process. In order to become a master calligrapher and acquire a formal license, a student had to train for years by copying models to perfect his or her skills. The art of calligraphy was passed down from master to student, often within the same family. Turkish also used Arabic letters until 1928, when the country officiallyĬalligraphers are the most highly regarded artists in Islamic culture. (spoken in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey), and Urdu (spoken in PakistanĪnd parts of India) are among the languages that adopted Arabic letters. Tajik in Tajikistan), Pashto (spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan), Kurdish Today, Persian (or Farsi, spoken in Iran Dari in Afghanistan and Of languages adopted the Arabic alphabet even though they bear no With the arrival of Islam and the conversion of many regions, a number When two dots are placed above (ت ,(or a “th” sound when three dots are Shape can form a “b” sound when one dot is placed below (ب ,(a “t” sound Phonetic sounds with the help of diacritical marks. The Arabic alphabet consists of eighteen shapes that express twentyeight Pronunciation of a word-these are usually only written in the Qur’an, whereĬorrect recitation is important, and in texts for novice readers. Vowels, represented by a set of marks below or above the letters, aid in the Punctuation marks were not adopted until the twentieth century. There is no distinctionīetween upper- and lower-case letters, though shapes of letters usually varyĭepending on whether they are in an initial, medial, or final position in a We will look at the development of the script and the material used by calligraphers in later posts.Īrabic is written and read from right to left. Calligraphy is used in poems, praise for rulers, and in Aphorism. However, it is important to remember that while the Quran’s holy status provides an explanation for calligraphy’s importance, by no means all Arabic calligraphy is religious in content. The Arabic text of the Quran is sacred to Muslims, and its high status gave rise to an associated respect for books in general. The Arabic language, and subsequently the art of calligraphy, is held in great esteem by Muslims because Arabic was the language in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. It has changed a lot overtime initially being mainly about Quranic writing for the holy book, on architectures, pottery, luster wear, decorations, pictorial and tattooing. Calligraphy is still going strong today and stimulated into non-Arabic countries. People started to write it in beautiful and elaborative words as a spiritual thing. Quran was being written to preserve Gods revealed words, keeping it unchanged for eternity. In the time of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) the Quran was not written, it was only memorized, eventually this changed after his time. In this chapter Al-Alaq, God is giving a commandment to read and write before revealing anything else to lay emphasis on knowledge (Nouman Ali Khan) Furthermore the Quran, itself was not written or read but it all revealed and taught orally. This is an interesting chapter because it talks about reading and pens, when it was not common and majority of the people were uneducated. The first Surah (chapter) out of 114 chapters of the Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was called Al-Alaq (The Clot). Islam puts a lot of emphasis on obtaining knowledge and made it mandatory for men and women. After the revelations came to Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) he would instruct it his companions and his followers. Prior to Islam reading and writing was not common and when Islam came, it came with a holy book called Quran. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was unlettered hence was unable to read or write. Islam is an Abrahamic religion where there is a strict belief in one God. The religion of Islam started in Mecca around 571AD by prophet Muhammad peace be upon him.
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